In the context of confidentiality, which of the following would typically require disclosure?

In the context of confidentiality within counseling, the notion of imminent danger to self or others serves as a critical exception. This principle is grounded in the ethical and legal obligations of counselors to prioritize the safety and well-being of clients and the community. When a counselor becomes aware that a client poses a real and immediate threat to themselves or to others, they are mandated to break confidentiality in order to intervene appropriately and potentially prevent harm.

This requirement is rooted in the duty to warn, which establishes that the counselor has a responsibility to disclose certain information to appropriate authorities or individuals if there is a credible threat. Such disclosures may include contacting law enforcement, necessary family members, or mental health professionals to provide immediate support and ensure safety.

In contrast, other aspects like client dissatisfaction with services, substance abuse history, and a client's progress in therapy typically do not necessitate disclosure without the client’s permission, as they do not involve imminent risks that threaten safety. Maintaining confidentiality in these areas is essential to fostering a trusting therapeutic relationship, allowing clients to openly share their experiences without fear of breach.