How do hallucinogens affect the central nervous system?

Hallucinogens primarily affect the central nervous system by distorting sensory perception. This class of substances alters the way individuals perceive reality, leading to experiences that can include visual and auditory hallucinations, changes in mood, and altered thoughts. The substance interacts with various neurotransmitter systems, particularly serotonin, which is linked to mood regulation and perception. This neurochemical interaction leads to a significant alteration in how sensory information is processed and interpreted by the brain, ultimately resulting in the unique experiences described during hallucinogenic episodes.

While other options reflect different aspects of brain function, they do not accurately capture the primary effect of hallucinogens on perception. For instance, hallucinogens may stimulate certain senses, but their most notable effect is the distortion of sensory experiences rather than any enhancement of cognitive function or a generalized boost in neurotransmitter production. Thus, the focus on sensory distortion is key to understanding how these substances impact an individual's experience and perception of reality.